Editorial
Hisatoshi Kobayashi; Mikael Syväjärvi
Abstract
Dear Readers,Advanced Materials Innovations is a three-day international event organised by the International Association of Advanced Materials and VBRI Sverige AB during 22 - 24 August 2017, Stockholm, Sweden. The market for materials is changing from raw materials supply to innovation ...
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Dear Readers,Advanced Materials Innovations is a three-day international event organised by the International Association of Advanced Materials and VBRI Sverige AB during 22 - 24 August 2017, Stockholm, Sweden. The market for materials is changing from raw materials supply to innovation procurement concepts. The modern world creates a dynamic ad fast moving market. The challenge in making business from advanced materials is a new avenue for researchers, academia as well as for societal and political stakeholders.
Research Article
Andrea Di Schino
Abstract
The effect of low-alloy additions on hardenability of high strength low-C steels is reported. Various as-quenched materials with microstructures consisting of low-C (granular) bainitic, mixed bainitic/martensitic and fully martensitic microstructures were produced. Results show that for a given cooling ...
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The effect of low-alloy additions on hardenability of high strength low-C steels is reported. Various as-quenched materials with microstructures consisting of low-C (granular) bainitic, mixed bainitic/martensitic and fully martensitic microstructures were produced. Results show that for a given cooling rate, an increase of austenite grain size (AGS) and of Mo and Cr contents decreases the transformation temperatures and promotes martensite formation. Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press.
Research Article
Sharmistha Anwar; Shahid Anwar
Abstract
Present work is focused on various properties of thermally annealed tungsten nitride (WN) film. Tungsten nitride thin films on silicon (100) substrates were deposited via reactive magnetron sputtering technique. Initially Ar/N2 flow ratio was optimized by varying N2 gas flow between 5 to 25 sccm. 20:5 ...
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Present work is focused on various properties of thermally annealed tungsten nitride (WN) film. Tungsten nitride thin films on silicon (100) substrates were deposited via reactive magnetron sputtering technique. Initially Ar/N2 flow ratio was optimized by varying N2 gas flow between 5 to 25 sccm. 20:5 (Ar:N2) was found to be the best for W2N phase formation. Using optimized condition, a set of WN deposited and then annealed at different temperatures i.e. 200°C, 400°C and 600°C for two hours each. Various characterizations have been done using X-ray diffraction, four probe resistivity and nano-indentation test. XRD results suggest formation of pure W2N crystalline phase of the films with face centered cubic structure. The resistivity result shows the decrease of resistivity value with increase in annealing temperature. Nano-indentation results showed hardness and elastic modulus values at 5mn load does not vary much with annealing at different temperatures. Structural, mechanical and electrical studies showed that the samples were stable up to 600°C. Thus, tungsten nitride thin films will contribute as a material suitable for long time exposure at elevated temperature for application of cutting tools. Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press.
Research Article
Sarika Singh; A.K. Shrivastava; Swati Tapdiya
Abstract
Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) doped with (Mn) Manganese Chloride grown, on commercial glass substrate usingChemical Bath Deposition Method. Growth time was kept at 1-2 hours. Magnese Chloride (Mncl2) was used for dopant. CdMnSe films so obtained were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron ...
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Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) doped with (Mn) Manganese Chloride grown, on commercial glass substrate usingChemical Bath Deposition Method. Growth time was kept at 1-2 hours. Magnese Chloride (Mncl2) was used for dopant. CdMnSe films so obtained were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, EdAX, andUV-Visible spectrophotometer and photoluminescence studies respectively. XRD study confirms that CdSe films are polycrystalline in nature and have cubic structure. The Debye-Scherer formula was used to calculate average particle size of pure and doped CdSe film. Thus, the particle size was decrease on doping. The effect of doping concentration Mn on the luminescence spectra of CdSe was studied. The emission spectra revealed that the intensity increased considerably in the presence of dopant ions. It is clearly observed from the surface morphological studies by SEM that the as-deposited CdSe and doped Mn concentration films are nanocrystalline, homogenous, without cracks or holes and well covered to the glass substrate. FE-SEM images show spherical particles having uniform distribution. Roughness of the films were totally eliminated. EDAX patterns confirms the presence of Cadmium, Selenide and Magnese chloride elements (2%, 5%)in sample. Optical band gap of pure CdSe film comes out to be 2.1 eV.After doping energy band gap was decreasing. Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press.
Research Article
S. M. Sathiya; G. S. Okram; M. A. Jothi Rajan
Abstract
Microwave assisted co-precipitation method is used to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles from various concentrations of CuCl2.2H2O (0.1 M - 0.5 M) precursors. Both CuO and Cu2O phases are observed from X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and further confirmed from Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) ...
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Microwave assisted co-precipitation method is used to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles from various concentrations of CuCl2.2H2O (0.1 M - 0.5 M) precursors. Both CuO and Cu2O phases are observed from X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and further confirmed from Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) data. The particle size of 43 to 27 nm determined from XRD data using Scherrer formula is in good relation with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images. The existence of reasonably uniform size and shape is clear from SEM. The band gaps determined from the UV-Visible absorption peaks and vibrational modes observed from Micro-Raman Scattering (MRS) analysis further confirm the presence of CuO and Cu2O phases. These results are also related to electrical conductivity at low temperatures which illustrate different types of conduction mechanisms. The samples show semiconducting behavior with improved electrical conductivity. Finally, the material is proposed to have applications in designing gas sensors and also in regulating electrical conductivity in drug delivery systems. Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press.
Research Article
Nupur Jauhari; Gajula MNV Prasad; Neelam Sharma; Navneeta Bharadvaja
Abstract
The purpose of research: Colorectal cancer is third most prevalent cancer in developed countries with increasing cases in developing countries. Studies show that the chronic intestinal inflammation is associated with increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. Inflammation is an immunological response ...
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The purpose of research: Colorectal cancer is third most prevalent cancer in developed countries with increasing cases in developing countries. Studies show that the chronic intestinal inflammation is associated with increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. Inflammation is an immunological response to external damaging stimuli and is govern by an endogenous pyrogen and pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). TNF-α plays an important role in the development of humoral immune response. Production of TNF-α has been implicated in various other pathologies including diabetes, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel diseases also. Several studies have shown that anti-inflammatory effect of stigmasterol, a phytosterol of an endangered medicinal plant Chlorophytum borivilianum, is mediated by suppression of TNF-α. The latter is synthesized as a membrane-anchored precursor. The soluble form of TNF-α is released into extracellular space by tumor necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme (TACE), a multidomain metalloproteinase.
Research Article
Sunny Anand; S. Inthekhab Amin
Abstract
In this work, the charge plasma based dual electrode doping-less tunnel FETs (DEDLTFET) is simulated with the use of different materials such as silicon (Si-DEDLTFET), Silicon-germanium (SiGe-DEDLTFET) and SiGe at Source (SiGe Source DEDLTFET). The charge plasma technique is used to create source and ...
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In this work, the charge plasma based dual electrode doping-less tunnel FETs (DEDLTFET) is simulated with the use of different materials such as silicon (Si-DEDLTFET), Silicon-germanium (SiGe-DEDLTFET) and SiGe at Source (SiGe Source DEDLTFET). The charge plasma technique is used to create source and drain region on an intrinsic body by selecting appropriate work function of metal electrode. The paper provides the comparison among devices on the basis of RF parameters. The on-state current (ION) for SiGe source DEDLTFET, SiGe-DEDLTFET and DEDLTFET are 1.84x10-4, 8.75x10-5 and 8.11x10-6 A/µm respectively for similar off-state current (IOFF). This result show that SiGe source DEDLTFET device provides better drive current along with improved ON-OFF current ratio (ION/IOFF) and subthreshold slope (SS). Improved transconductance (gm) and cut-off frequency (fT) show that the hetero-material device has better RF performance while comparing with the other two devices. Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press.
Research Article
Himanshi Jauhari; Rakhi Grover; Omita Nanda; Kanchan Saxena
Abstract
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) present a significant renewable energy source in terms of control of different parameters governing flexibility, efficiency, lifetime and cost. The liquid electrolytes used inside the cells are generally responsible for the leakage and inefficient encapsulation related ...
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Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) present a significant renewable energy source in terms of control of different parameters governing flexibility, efficiency, lifetime and cost. The liquid electrolytes used inside the cells are generally responsible for the leakage and inefficient encapsulation related issues. These are critical for practical applications of DSSCs. The choice of electrolyte medium used in the cell should take into account the fast regeneration of electrolyte and redox potential of the dye. Organic dyes in general, exhibit better extinction coefficients and variant color ranges. The present work is focused on quasi solid state DSSCs based on an organic dye. For the fabrication of devices, nanocrystalline titanium-di-oxide (TiO2) films were used as the photoanode and well known organic dye Eosin B as the sensitizer. The photovoltaic performance of the cells was measured at different light intensities. The results exhibited the quantum efficiency of organic dye Eosin B which can be used as a potential sensitizer in conjugation with quasi solid state electrolytes. Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press.
Research Article
Kumar Biplab; Dibakar Rakshit
Abstract
Present study deals with estimation of thermal comfort of residential buildings for different scenarios. The three scenarios which are analysed for the present study are construction using brick wall and concrete roof, construction by utilization of insulation over walls and roof and construction by ...
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Present study deals with estimation of thermal comfort of residential buildings for different scenarios. The three scenarios which are analysed for the present study are construction using brick wall and concrete roof, construction by utilization of insulation over walls and roof and construction by utilization of Phase Change Materials (PCM) over walls and roof.A building is simulated in EnergyPlus using conduction finite difference algorithm. The PCM is microencapsulated in plaster boards thereby restricting any chemical reactions with the building material. The assessment is carried out by calculating the hourly average room dry bulb temperature and average room relative humidity. This is then compared with the thermal comfort conditions provided in National Building Code of India 2005 and a percentage of hours within comfort range is worked out. The assessment is carried out between the months of March and October for three cities i.e. Bhubaneshwar, Jodhpur and New Delhi, all under different climatic conditions. The results indicate that PCM is performing comparatively better than insulation in improving the indoor conditions and that its performance can be greatly enhanced if the operating temperature is increased from 27°C to at least 30°C. Combined with the strategy of night ventilation and enhanced heat capacity storage, PCM could greatly enhance the thermal comfort levels. Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press.
Research Article
Vinod Karar; Amit L Sharma
Abstract
Beam splitters are primarily used for applications like avionic displays, optical storage, fluorescence applications, optical interferometry, semiconductor instrumentation where some of the information needs to be reflected as well as transmitted. They operate on the principle of light being ...
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Beam splitters are primarily used for applications like avionic displays, optical storage, fluorescence applications, optical interferometry, semiconductor instrumentation where some of the information needs to be reflected as well as transmitted. They operate on the principle of light being reflected and transmitted by various interfaces where it is split by percentage of overall intensity or wavelength. In this study, design and fabrication of a dichroic optical beam splitter for filtering of red and green light from a white light source has been presented. Here, a symmetric dielectric multilayer stack with 15 alternating layers of alumina and silica are deposited on BK-7 glass using e-beam evaporation technique. High and low refractive indices of 1.63 and 1.46 respectively are used with quarter-wave optical thicknesses of layers. The beam splitter is designed for 45 ̊ angle of incidence using FilmstarTM design software. Transmission spectrum obtained from UV-Vis-NIR double beam spectrophotometer shows reflectance of ~54% at 660 nm (red wavelength region) and transmittance of ~88% at 550 nm (green wavelength region). The coated sample is further subjected to adhesion and hardness test according to MIL standard and no peel off or scratch is observed indicating excellent durability of the coating. The modelled and measured results closely agree with one another over visible spectral regions. Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press.
Research Article
Bharat C. Dalui; Bikash Mandal; Debalina Das; Susanta Ghosh; I. Basumallick
Abstract
The electrochemical performances of electrochemically synthesized polyanilinenano (nPANI) material as cathode vs. zinc metal as anode is investigated.The nPANI particle is synthesized by galvanostatic electro-oxidation of aniline from interfacial solution on metal electrode surface and characterized ...
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The electrochemical performances of electrochemically synthesized polyanilinenano (nPANI) material as cathode vs. zinc metal as anode is investigated.The nPANI particle is synthesized by galvanostatic electro-oxidation of aniline from interfacial solution on metal electrode surface and characterized by UV-Visible, FTIR, powder XRD and TEM. The material is crystalline nano spheres with meso pores among them, uniformly distributed and dispersed. The sizes of the particles lie in 50-100 nm region. This nPANI is used as cathode material in Zn│(NH4)2SO4, ZnSO4(aq)│nPANI battery and its electrochemical performances is investigated by galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling. The electrochemical cell exhibits an open circuit potential of 1.3 volts and a discharge plateau with an average discharge potential of 1.1 volts. The maximum discharge capacity observed is 250 Ah.Kg-1.Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press.
Research Article
Anju .; Ashish Agarwal; Praveen Aghamkar
Abstract
Barium substituted bismuth ferrite (Bi0.8Ba0.2FeO3) was synthesized using ethylene glycol based sol-gel method followed by heat treatment at 800°C for 15 min. In order to study the effect of barium substitution on structural parameters the rietveld refinement of the sample was performed. Structural ...
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Barium substituted bismuth ferrite (Bi0.8Ba0.2FeO3) was synthesized using ethylene glycol based sol-gel method followed by heat treatment at 800°C for 15 min. In order to study the effect of barium substitution on structural parameters the rietveld refinement of the sample was performed. Structural transition from the rhombohedral perovskite (ABO3) crystal structure to pseudo-cubic has been confirmed. Ba substitution at Bi site suppresses the secondary phases of BiFeO3 such as Bi2Fe4O9, Bi25FeO39 etc. The crystallite size of the prepared barium substituted BiFeO3 (BBFO) nano-multiferroic calcined at 800°C is found to be ~ 20 nm. The functional groups in the calcined sample were identified by FTIR analysis. TG-DSC analysis of the sample has also been performed. It is expected that structural changes made by barium in BiFeO3 would also affect its magnetic behavior. Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press.
Research Article
Ravi Jon; Vipul Singh; D.P Jayapandian
Abstract
The main aim of this research is to propose the various green reducing agents for extract the green gold nanoparticles from Gold Chloride (HAucl4) solution. Green reducing agents are safe and eco-friendly for the extraction of the gold nanoparticles. The green gold nanoparticles were synthesized using ...
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The main aim of this research is to propose the various green reducing agents for extract the green gold nanoparticles from Gold Chloride (HAucl4) solution. Green reducing agents are safe and eco-friendly for the extraction of the gold nanoparticles. The green gold nanoparticles were synthesized using plant and fruit extract, and green Gold nanoparticles were characterized using SEM, TEM, and UV-Vis. Spectroscopy. The absorption peak was observed at 530-540 nm, which proved the green gold nanoparticles. Green Gold nanoparticles in the size of 30 nm in the spherical shape were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The toxicity of green gold nanoparticles is less than gold nanoparticles. These green gold nanoparticles can be used in various biomedical applications. Green reducing agents are the best alternative for the synthesis of the gold nanoparticles. Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press.
