Research Article
Ihor Leonidovich Surinov
Abstract
Reducing emissions to air and introducing new propulsion technologies are key challenges for the worldwide transport sector, including shipping. The world’s future fleet will have to rely on a broader range of fuels, propulsion solutions and energy efficiency measures. It should be obvious that ...
Read More
Reducing emissions to air and introducing new propulsion technologies are key challenges for the worldwide transport sector, including shipping. The world’s future fleet will have to rely on a broader range of fuels, propulsion solutions and energy efficiency measures. It should be obvious that the bunkering operations should be carried out in a safe manner in accordance with all regulations. The purpose of this study is to improve the LNG bunkering procedure from the safety side to prevent gas leakage. Qualified Crew is essentially important for the new technologies on ships. Due to the rapid development of shipping industry, it must be paid much attention on the demand of the well-trained maritime manpower within the dynamic economies. The main types of drills that are carried out on the vessel were analysed using the example of the company Nordic Hamburg. In order to support the green direction by Nordic Hamburg Crewing, special training courses to train seafarers who provide sustainable shipping industry were integrated, especially dealing with: a) oceans; b) communities; c) people; d) transparency; f) finance; g) energy. The results of the study showed a high level of preparation for various types of danger during the acceptance of Liquified Natural Gas on board at containerships. The article draws conclusions about the necessity to improve the safety procedures for LNG bunkering and the correctness of the corresponding monthly alarms in order to be sure about the readiness of ship''s crew for an emergency situation.
Review Article
Sushil Kumar; Surya Narayan Singh Gautam; Saurabh Kumar; Sneha Gupta
Abstract
According to North Eastern Railway the coach washing plant due to continuous growth the World population development of agriculture and Industry in the emerging important issue countries as well as climate change the insufficiency water becomes the past few years in Increase important issue. The collection ...
Read More
According to North Eastern Railway the coach washing plant due to continuous growth the World population development of agriculture and Industry in the emerging important issue countries as well as climate change the insufficiency water becomes the past few years in Increase important issue. The collection of data process was performed and integrated with a characterization process, reuse treatment operation and maintains that a new process has been developed in treating train coach waste water for recycling in the work. This fresh water is available as surface water and ground water. The water collected from the coach wash centre was taken to the laboratory and analysis was carried out by conducting various tests to determine the difference in physical and chemical characteristics of the water sample. Railway coach wash water contains oil, grease, sand, etc., and main chemical characteristics that are not suitable for gardening like pH, iron, nitrate, and ammonia, so we can reduce these parameters in the effluent treatment plant (ETP) and reuse them for washing train coaches and gardening purposes. The tests that are conducted for determining the different physical and chemical parameters include: chemical parameters effluent reuse treatment operation to maintain cost the train coach washing waste water is collected in the storage tank and treated waste is collected and trough the agriculture work. This paper presents the current scenario of coach washing plant activities and the utilization of waste water in many aspects after the washing of coaches.
Research Article
Thin Films, Materials Surface & Interfaces
Bruna Laís Pereira da Silva; Leonardo Barbosa da Silva; Letícia Dias dos Anjos Gonçalves; Rogério Valentim Gelamo; Vitor Tomaz Guimarães Naves; Lucas Donizete Silva; Emiliane Andrade Araújo Naves Naves
Abstract
The microbial adhesion of pathogens on surfaces, followed by the formation of biofilms, constitute one important causes of diseases transmitted by foods. Biofilm control in the food industry is critical since biofilm removal is challenging. Thus, the functionalization of surfaces has been a strategy ...
Read More
The microbial adhesion of pathogens on surfaces, followed by the formation of biofilms, constitute one important causes of diseases transmitted by foods. Biofilm control in the food industry is critical since biofilm removal is challenging. Thus, the functionalization of surfaces has been a strategy to prevent the multiplication of bacteria. This study aimed to functionalize stainless steel surfaces with zinc and niobium oxides and to analyze its antimicrobial capacity of Escherichia coli. In addition, the roughness surface was also investigated. The free energy of hydrophobic interaction was calculated by measuring the contact angle. The results showed that surface functionalization with metallic oxides efficiently controlled E. coli adhesion, achieving more than two decimal reductions in the initial population. It was found that the deposition of oxides modified the hydrophobicity of the stainless steel surface, making it hydrophilic, which may have added to the effect of functionalization for the antimicrobial efficiency of the obtained surface. The surfaces functionalized with zinc and niobium oxides had the highest roughness. Thus, surfaces with Nb and Zn oxides can be a promising alternative for application in the food industry to help control adhesion and obtain the final product of microbiological quality.
Research Article
Arnab Sankar Bhattacharyya; Ritambhara Dash
Abstract
The rGO-ZnO composite was found promising improvement over the photocatalytic ability of pure ZnO and is useful for other Opto-chemical applications. ZnO/rGO composite was synthesized by the sol-gel method. The morphology of rGO caused better dispersion of the ZnO crystallites The reducing agent ammonia ...
Read More
The rGO-ZnO composite was found promising improvement over the photocatalytic ability of pure ZnO and is useful for other Opto-chemical applications. ZnO/rGO composite was synthesized by the sol-gel method. The morphology of rGO caused better dispersion of the ZnO crystallites The reducing agent ammonia was varied in concentration during the synthesis. A reduction in the crystallization was observed for lower concentrations (0 – 1%) of ammonia which got stabilized in higher concentrations (>1%). The crystalline morphology showed variations from being close to amorphous to 38 nm. The average crystallite size was 15 nm. The rGO induced nonradiative phononic modes in the optical transition process when present in lower concentration but interestingly aided the crystallization process in a preferential crystallographic orientation which however got lowered in intensity for >2% ammonia concentration. The defect states formed in the rGO/ZnO composite in the form of oxygen vacancies, zinc interstitials, and vacancies caused a decrease in band gap due to indirect transitions. The role of ammonia in the performance of the composites was found to be significant
Research Article
Polymer Composite
Tamara van Roo; Stefan Kolling; Felix Dillenberger
Abstract
In the context of this contribution, a new injection molded unidirectional plate for specimen-extraction is introduced, as well as current investigations on the analysis of the preparation process are shown and discussed. The fiber orientation resulting from the injection molding (IM) manufacturing process ...
Read More
In the context of this contribution, a new injection molded unidirectional plate for specimen-extraction is introduced, as well as current investigations on the analysis of the preparation process are shown and discussed. The fiber orientation resulting from the injection molding (IM) manufacturing process leads to an anisotropic material behavior, which complicates a reliable design of components. Detailed determination of macroscopic, orientation dependent material data is continuous subject of research. In this context, samples with a predefined and high fiber orientation distribution are required. Established and available methods for specimens generated by IM show limitations. In this work, a novel test-specimen with a homogeneous high fiber orientation is introduced. It enables the extraction of specimens under different angles with respect to the main fiber orientation. The fiber orientation simulation of the new plate is compared to experimental computer tomography analysis. The extraction of specimens is achieved by machine milling. As the process may induce inaccuracies due to the introduction of inhomogeneous cutting, a detailed investigation of the influences of milling on the specimen behavior is required. A qualitative characterization of roughness values is necessary to evaluate the impact of the preparation on the mechanical properties. A correlation between roughness values and mechanical parameters is shown.
