Editorial
Dr. Nidhi Chauhan
Abstract
Advanced materials have proven to be the greatest need for every individual in the present era. These materials are the basis of modern scientific technology and works suitably in every sector. Material science uses the combination of both man-made and naturally occurring things and their utilization ...
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Advanced materials have proven to be the greatest need for every individual in the present era. These materials are the basis of modern scientific technology and works suitably in every sector. Material science uses the combination of both man-made and naturally occurring things and their utilization through science and technology. Material science is a very broad subject that uses techniques from every field of science to create a substance of much utility. Nanomaterial structureshave become a common area of research for their special and unexpected applications in various fields. Nanotechnology plays a unique and the most important role in the field of advanced material manufacture. The applications of an advanced material may become a key to revolutionizing our lives in future.
Research Article
Gil Silva; Paulo Lopes; Francisco Curado; Nuno Lau
Abstract
Remotely operated vehicles (ROV) and Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) are increasingly being used for a large spectrum of maritime tasks for which human intervention is either dangerous or impossible. In case of complex tasks such as detailed inspection, difficult environment or even budget shortage, ...
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Remotely operated vehicles (ROV) and Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) are increasingly being used for a large spectrum of maritime tasks for which human intervention is either dangerous or impossible. In case of complex tasks such as detailed inspection, difficult environment or even budget shortage, AUV may not be suitable. On the other hand dealing with repetitive actions or having to constantly react to obstacles may be excessively tiring for the ROV operator. In this paper we describe a low-cost Laser-based obstacle sensor which combined with the camera image allow the ROV to autonomously react without the intervention of the operator and even blocking his commands. In order for the ROV to take control, a C++ software was developed to receive ROV sensors data, process it and send commands using the same serial communications port the operator uses. All the calculations related to the Laser sensor are performed by a Matlab program whose results are shared with the former program. Tests were carried out in a swimming pool and the semi-autonomous ROV performed satisfactorily and efficiently.
Research Article
Meiying Ye; Mohammad Heshmat; Paul C.H. Li
Abstract
Functionalized photonic crystal films were prepared for sensing small chemical molecules. First, silica nanospheres were self-assembled to form a colloidal crystal template within a mold. The interstitial space of this template was infiltrated by the hydrogel precursors, which were then allowed to polymerize. ...
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Functionalized photonic crystal films were prepared for sensing small chemical molecules. First, silica nanospheres were self-assembled to form a colloidal crystal template within a mold. The interstitial space of this template was infiltrated by the hydrogel precursors, which were then allowed to polymerize. Upon removal of silica by hydrofluoric acid etching, a photonic crystal film, which produced a pink structural color, was formed. To add a chemical sensing functionality to the film, the molecules to be sensed were mixed with the hydrogel precursors for molecular imprinting; the amino acid proline was used for this purpose. Characterization of the functionalized photonic crystal film was conducted by optical reflectance measurements and imaging. The nanopores were imaged using SEM after cryogenic freezing of the film samples. Chemical sensing of proline was conducted on the film, with the reflectance peak shifting from 650 nm to
Research Article
Sigeru Omatu
Abstract
This paper is concerned with smell sensing and classification using machine learning. Sensors used here is metal-oxide semi-conductor gas sensors and classification is machine learning. After explaining sensing principle, we show the classification results of coffee companies and kinds of coffees. Then ...
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This paper is concerned with smell sensing and classification using machine learning. Sensors used here is metal-oxide semi-conductor gas sensors and classification is machine learning. After explaining sensing principle, we show the classification results of coffee companies and kinds of coffees. Then their method apply to sensing and classification of human body smell so called Kunkun Body. The Kunkun Body can classify one of three human smells such as sweaty smell, middle-aged smell, and old-aged smell using four smell sensors. To train the Kunkun Body we gathered 2,100 persons who have one of three human body smells. We divide them into three groups according to each smell for human body and divide into 10 classes according to the density levels. The first stage for learning is to train the neural network of competitive learning to chemicals which are main components for human body smells. After pre-learning we settle the final values of weighting coefficients as the initial values. The real data for 2,100 persons are divided three groups for typical each smell and ten levels for strength. If the misclassification does not decrease, we adjust the structure of the neural network by increasing the number of neurons. When we can get high accuracy classification results, those weighting values will be stored and their values are used for Kunkun Body.
Research Article
Rohit Kandulna; Ram B. Choudhary; Rajinder Singh
Abstract
PPY, PANI and PPY-PANI-ZnO ternary nanocomposites were synthesized in the laboratory via chemical oxidative polymerization method. The formation of PPY, PANI and corresponding change in the nanostructure with the incorporation of ZnO was examined by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD). Nano-flakes like ...
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PPY, PANI and PPY-PANI-ZnO ternary nanocomposites were synthesized in the laboratory via chemical oxidative polymerization method. The formation of PPY, PANI and corresponding change in the nanostructure with the incorporation of ZnO was examined by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD). Nano-flakes like structure were formed in the PPY-PANI polymeric matrix with the embodiment of ZnO nanoparticles, as examined by surface topology images. Optical transmittance spectra showed the optimized reduced band gap ~2.67eV. Increased rate of electron-hole nonradiative recombination associated to blue and green bands was confirmed from PL spectra. An enhanced current density ~197.75% was examined due to the significantly improved conductivity of PPY-PANI-ZnO ternary nanocomposites. This improved conductivity, reduced band gap and high electron-hole recombination rate confirmed that it can be used as electron transport layer in the OLED devices.
Research Article
Kundan Bharti; L. A. Kumaraswamidhas; Dipen Kumar Rajak; R. R. Das
Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the effect of input parameters on plateau stress and specific energy of thin-wall structure circular mild steel (MS) tube. 32 samples of tube have been fabricated in two sets, one is without weld (WOW) and another is with weld (WW), having same dimensions. The tube was ...
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This paper aims to investigate the effect of input parameters on plateau stress and specific energy of thin-wall structure circular mild steel (MS) tube. 32 samples of tube have been fabricated in two sets, one is without weld (WOW) and another is with weld (WW), having same dimensions. The tube was made up of available commercial MS (AISI 1010). During compression test the value of plateau stress and specific energy are obtained at varying input parameters and compared the results between WOW and WW tube samples. And its chemical composition verified with the help of Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy test of the welded joint and parent material. Three optimization techniques are used in this study to validate the experimental results namely Taguchi method, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Taguchi L16 orthogonal array are used to identify the most effective input parameters which affect the energy absorption behaviour. Percentage contribution of individual input parameters analyzed by ANOVA method and also ANN was performed for non-linear mapping of the input and output parameters which are influenced by compression test. Experimental results have been validated with the optimization technique results and found to be in good agreement with them.
Research Article
A.V. Tyunkov; Yu.G. Yushkov; D.B. Zolotukhin; E.M. Oks; D.A. Golosov; S.M. Zavadsky
Abstract
This paper demonstrates the possibility of nitriding of titanium by a forevacuum electron source. We present an original design of the experimental setup and the measurements of the tribological properties and elemental composition of the subsurface layer of the titanium experimental sample. Raster electron ...
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This paper demonstrates the possibility of nitriding of titanium by a forevacuum electron source. We present an original design of the experimental setup and the measurements of the tribological properties and elemental composition of the subsurface layer of the titanium experimental sample. Raster electron microscopy analysis of the nitride sample have demonstrated that titanium and nitrogen are found to be the main chemical elements; oxygen and carbon also present, though their total concentration does not exceed 6 wt. %. The thickness of the modified layer after a 75-minute long process of nitriding was about 8 µm. Wear resistance test of have shown that the nitrided sample has a 500 times less loss of the material as compared with the original titanium sample, meaning a times-fold increase of resistance to wear.
Research Article
Ashok B. Gadkari; Tukaram J. Shinde; Appaso A. Wali; Pramod N. Vasambekar
Abstract
Nanocrystallite ferrites samples with general formula Mg1-xCdx Fe2O4 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) were prepared by oxalate co-precipitation method from high purity sulphates. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM and FT-IR techniques. The phase identification of powder reveals single phase cubic ...
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Nanocrystallite ferrites samples with general formula Mg1-xCdx Fe2O4 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) were prepared by oxalate co-precipitation method from high purity sulphates. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM and FT-IR techniques. The phase identification of powder reveals single phase cubic spinel nature of materials. The gas sensing properties were studied for ethanol (C2H5OH), liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and chlorine (Cl2). The MgFe2O4 is sensitive to LPG (~ 80%) followed by Cl2 (~75%) and less to ethanol (~ 58%) at an operating temperature of 225oC. The sample with x = 0.4 has highest sensitivity at operating temperature 225oC for LPG (~ 78%). It shows good sensitivity at operating temperature at 198oC for Cl2 (~75%) and ethanol (~ 65%). The CdFe2O4 sensor (x=1) exhibits very high sensitivity (85%) and good selectivity to ethanol than other tested gases such as LPG (~ 35%) and Cl2 (~ 30%). The response and recovery time decreases with increase in Cd2+ content for LPG, Cl2 and ethanol. The shorter response is observed to CdFe2O4 for LPG, Cl2 and ethanol.
Research Article
E.M. Oks; A.V. Tyunkov; Yu.G. Yushkov; D.B. Zolotukhin
Abstract
This paper presents a novel technique for producing alumina ceramic coatings based on the evaporation of an aluminum oxide target by an electron beam in the middle vacuum range (5-30 Pa). The evaporation of ceramics by the electron beam enables to attain a coating deposition rate of up to 0.3 µm/min, ...
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This paper presents a novel technique for producing alumina ceramic coatings based on the evaporation of an aluminum oxide target by an electron beam in the middle vacuum range (5-30 Pa). The evaporation of ceramics by the electron beam enables to attain a coating deposition rate of up to 0.3 µm/min, and thus consider this as a practical alternative to existing methods. A special attention is devoted to the study of the surfaces of obtained coatings. The X-ray fluorescence analysis of the deposited coating showed the presence in the coating of all the elements that contained in the ceramic target being evaporated. The coating has a substantially homogeneous surface without any prominent pores.
Research Article
Akshay S. Kulkarni; Geeta Shirnalli; Ashok M. Sajjan; Nagaraj R. Banapurmath; Ashok S. Shettar; Kartik J. Uttarkar
Abstract
A solution technique was adopted to develop membranes in which chitosan-wrapped silver nanoparticles (CS-wrapped Ag nanoparticles) were incorporated in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The morphological studies and the chemical compositions of the prepared membranes were investigated using the characterization ...
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A solution technique was adopted to develop membranes in which chitosan-wrapped silver nanoparticles (CS-wrapped Ag nanoparticles) were incorporated in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The morphological studies and the chemical compositions of the prepared membranes were investigated using the characterization techniques like Infrared Spectroscopy, Differential scanning colorimetry, Wide Angle X-ray Diffraction, Thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of CS-wrapped Ag nanoparticles on membrane swelling were systematically studied to know the gas separation performance of the membranes. TGA showed increased thermal stability of Ag-nanoparticles incorporated PVA membranes nearly twice that of plane PVA membranes. Further, SEM revealed that CS-wrapped Ag nanoparticles incorporation into the PVA membrane matrix showed good compatibility and high swelling properties.
