Letter to Editor
Prashant Mishra
Abstract
For several years, nickel-cadmium had been the only panacea for powering up the electronic equipment, be it a mobile phone, car, laptop or any devices you just name it, we had to count on nickel-cadmium based batteries. Fortunately, three genius minds finally came up with a promising solution and laid ...
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For several years, nickel-cadmium had been the only panacea for powering up the electronic equipment, be it a mobile phone, car, laptop or any devices you just name it, we had to count on nickel-cadmium based batteries. Fortunately, three genius minds finally came up with a promising solution and laid the foundation of lithium-ion batteries’ legacy. The lithium-ions had been invented many decades ago though, but these Nobel laureate: John B Goodenough, M Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino bring it to life [1-5].
Research Article
U. Likhitha; B. Narayana; B.K. Sarojini; Madan Kumar
Abstract
In this paper we present the investigation of crystal packing of picric acid (PA), phthalazone (PZ) and theircocrystal phthalazone-picric acid (PA-PZ) using Hirshfeld surface computational analysis. The title molecules are synthesized, crystallized and three-dimensional structures are redetermined using ...
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In this paper we present the investigation of crystal packing of picric acid (PA), phthalazone (PZ) and theircocrystal phthalazone-picric acid (PA-PZ) using Hirshfeld surface computational analysis. The title molecules are synthesized, crystallized and three-dimensional structures are redetermined using XRD analysis. PA exhibit intermolecular hydrogen bonds O---H…N, O---H…O and intermolecular connection N---O...p. PZ shows N---H…O molecular interaction in it. O---H…O molecular contact has been noticed in PA-PZ. These intermolecular contacts within the crystal structure are quantified, evaluated and visualized in terms of 2D-finger print plots and Hirshfeld surfaces. In all crystal structures, O...H intercontact is common. The major contacts observed are O…H in PA and PA-PZ, H…H in PZ, respectively. In addition, electrostatic potential surface mappings are drawn on Hirshfeld surfaces for all the molecules
Research Article
M. Prathap Kumar; G.A. Suganya Josephine; A. Sivasamy
Abstract
Exploration of semiconductors in the field of photocatalysis plays a crucial role in energy and environmental remediation in particular oxidation/reduction of toxic organic contaminants from water and wastewater. The present research work aims on synthesis of pristine CeO2nanoparticles by precipitation ...
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Exploration of semiconductors in the field of photocatalysis plays a crucial role in energy and environmental remediation in particular oxidation/reduction of toxic organic contaminants from water and wastewater. The present research work aims on synthesis of pristine CeO2nanoparticles by precipitation method and was thoroughly characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, UV-vis-Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy, High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy, EDAX and Electron Spin Resonance techniques. The band gap energy (Ebg) was found to be 3.19 eV. The synthesized nanomaterials showed spherical morphology and the particles size ranged from 50-93 nm. The insitu generation of ·OH radicals was confirmed from ESR studies. The synthesized CeO2nanospheres was evaluatedin photocatalytic oxidation of an azo dye Acid orange 10 under Ultraviolet and visible light irradiations. Experimental studies such as pH, catalyst amount and effect of initial dye concentration were also studied. Kinetic studies indicate the photo reaction follows pseudo-first order rate equation. The photocatalytic oxidation of dye molecules were monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy and COD analyses. The level of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the photodegraded samples decreases in both the photocatalytic systems indicating that dye molecules readily degraded under present experimental conditions.Effect of electrolytes like MgSO4,KCl, Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 were also investigated to check interference of inorganic anions on photocatalytic oxidation of dye molecules using CeO2 nanospheres. Finally, the prepared catalyst was checked for its reusability and the photocatalyst exhibited better photocatalytic activity evenafter three cycles of regeneration.Copyright © VBRI Press.
Research Article
M. Muruganandam; P.C. Mukesh Kumar
Abstract
Much research works are being carried out in applications of nanofluids at different engineering fields as they have improved thermal conductivity. However, the effective applications of nanofluids have limitations such as poor stability, sedimentation, erosive wear and potential health risk. In heat ...
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Much research works are being carried out in applications of nanofluids at different engineering fields as they have improved thermal conductivity. However, the effective applications of nanofluids have limitations such as poor stability, sedimentation, erosive wear and potential health risk. In heat transfer application point of view, stability of nanoparticles plays a major functionin enhancing heat transfer. In this experimental investigation, the stability of Multi-walled Carbon Nano Tube (MWCNT)/water nanofluids with surfactant and without surfactant has been carried out by keeping the nanofluids at static condition and at constant temperature at different time interval. The nanofluids were prepared by means of the use of Multi-walled Carbon Nano Tube (MWCNT) as base materials and distilled water as base fluids at 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7% volume concentration with 0.02% and 0.05% sodium dodecyl butane sulfonate (SDBS) as surfactant and without the surfactant two-step method is used to put together the nanofluids underneathattention. The stability analysis ofpreparednanofluids are studied with the UV-Vis. spectrophotometer, measure of zeta potential value , and photograph capturing techniques by keeping the nanofluids under static condition for The MWCNT nanofluids have been characterized with the sample ofjust after preparation after 30days of preparation and after 60 days.It is studied that the nanofluids with surfactant showed better stability than the nanofluids without surfactant. Found that the nanofluids at 0.7% volume concentration with surfactant showed good stability with negligible visual sedimentation even after 60 days than the nanofluids without surfactant. Therefore the MWCNT/water nanofluids are the potential heat transfer fluids to apply in heat transfer field.Copyright © VBRI Press.
Research Article
C. Rajinikanth; S. Abraham Lincon
Abstract
The unsupervised learning method is one of the formidable operations in Hyper-Spectral Image (HSI) processing. Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering is an optimistic and strategic method for selecting the unsupervised bands. There are some limits and standards in fuzzy clustering technique. The Glowworm Swarm ...
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The unsupervised learning method is one of the formidable operations in Hyper-Spectral Image (HSI) processing. Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering is an optimistic and strategic method for selecting the unsupervised bands. There are some limits and standards in fuzzy clustering technique. The Glowworm Swarm Optimization (GSO) is proposed with combining fuzzy clustering and GSO. The GSO is introduced to enhance the performance of fuzzy clustering to optimize the characteristics of hyperspectral images. The main objective of the proposed method is to improve the accuracy of the hyperspectral datasets and to achieve it through better computational time. The experimental results are achieved through MATLAB toolbox and the proposed method has the capability to perform with the high quality hyperspectral image classification. Copyright © VBRI Press.
Research Article
R. Sakunthaladevi; L. Jothi
Abstract
Optically good quality single crystal of Serine Zinc Acetate (SZA) was grown by the method of slow evaporation and using a solvent of water. The value of cell parameters was obtained by single crystal XRD study. The various functional groups of molecules present in SZA were identified from FTIR studies. ...
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Optically good quality single crystal of Serine Zinc Acetate (SZA) was grown by the method of slow evaporation and using a solvent of water. The value of cell parameters was obtained by single crystal XRD study. The various functional groups of molecules present in SZA were identified from FTIR studies. The optical behaviour of the grown crystal was analysed through UV-VIS-NIR spectral studies and the material SZA was found to have wide range of transparency in the visible region. The Vickers micro hardness study revealed the hardening nature of the grown material. Thermal stability of SZA was confirmed using thermo gravimetric and differential thermal analyses. The NLO activity of the grown crystal was tested by Kurtz-Perry powder technique. Copyright © VBRI Press.
Research Article
A Shalini; P. Paulraj; k. Pandian; G. Anbazhagan; V. Jaisankar
Abstract
Synthesis of graphene oxide has entice good dispense of consciousness due to their vast utilization in different fields in modern days. In the present investigation, we report on the preparation of graphene oxide via a modified Hummer’s method. The nanocomposite were isolated and then characterized ...
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Synthesis of graphene oxide has entice good dispense of consciousness due to their vast utilization in different fields in modern days. In the present investigation, we report on the preparation of graphene oxide via a modified Hummer’s method. The nanocomposite were isolated and then characterized by using various analytical techniques to understand the composition and the surface morphology of the nanocomposites. The structure as well as morphology of the nanocomposites were analyzed using SEM Instruments. The electro chemical behavior of the compound was studied by cyclic voltammetry in various supporting electrolyte. The electrocatalytic behavior of the nanocomposites monitored over the oxidation of nitric oxide (NO). Copyright © VBRI Press.
Research Article
M. Shanmuga Sundaram; V. Vijayalakshmi; P. Dhanasekaran; O.N. Balasundaram; S. Palaniswamy
Abstract
Current work, L-alanine single crystals in the presence of potassium nitrate were grown by slow evaporation method. The unit cell parameters and crystalline structure of the L-alanine crystal were analysed using powder XRD (PXRD) technique. The numerous functional groups and vibrational modes of the ...
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Current work, L-alanine single crystals in the presence of potassium nitrate were grown by slow evaporation method. The unit cell parameters and crystalline structure of the L-alanine crystal were analysed using powder XRD (PXRD) technique. The numerous functional groups and vibrational modes of the grown crystal were identified by FTIR analysis. The linear optical analysis has been employed in the wavelength range 200-2500 nm to find out the optical transparency of the grown crystal. Nonlinear optical efficiency of the grown crystal is 1.12 times superior to the reference crystalline material KDP. The negative photoconductivity of the grown crystal was exposed by photoconductivity analysis. Copyright © VBRI Press.
Research Article
Shanthi Jayachandran; Mohan Raman; Palanisamy Ponnusamy
Abstract
Wire Electrical Discharge Machining is one of the most effective Non-Conventional Machining method available to machine intricate shapes which are very difficult to machine with conventional machining methods, on electrically conductive materials havingvarying hardness. In this research work, an attempt ...
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Wire Electrical Discharge Machining is one of the most effective Non-Conventional Machining method available to machine intricate shapes which are very difficult to machine with conventional machining methods, on electrically conductive materials havingvarying hardness. In this research work, an attempt hasbeen made to study the effect of process parameters of WEDM on the Surface roughness. Input process parameters considered in this work are Pulse on time (TON), Pulse off time(TOFF), Wire Feed (WF), Wire Tension(WT) and theSurface Roughness as response. Al 7075 Aluminium alloywas taken as work material and Brass coated copper wire as electrode to machine and the values of roughness obtained by varying the input process parameters were analysed using Taguchi method (L 27 orthogonal array). The measured values have been used to develop the mathematical modeland the accuracy of the model wastested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique. Based on the predicted values the interaction graphs, were drawn betweentheSurface roughnessandthe processparameterstaken for this study. It was construedthatthepulse-on time has the highest impact on the Surface roughness followed by the Wire feed, Wire tension and the Pulse-off time. The surface roughnessgot increasedwith increase in wire feed. Finally optimum parameters have been arrived to achieve better surface roughness. WEDMed surface was also examined by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and evinced that the physical behaviour of these process parameters on Surface roughness.Copyright © VBRI Press.
Research Article
G.A. Suganya Josephine; K. Jayaprakash; A. Sivasamy
Abstract
Heterogeneous semiconductor nanomaterials are widely employed nowadays as efficient photocatalysts for selective organic transformation reactions. A co-precipitation technique was employed for the preparation of ZnO doped dysprosium oxide from the respectivemetal nitrates and characterization studies ...
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Heterogeneous semiconductor nanomaterials are widely employed nowadays as efficient photocatalysts for selective organic transformation reactions. A co-precipitation technique was employed for the preparation of ZnO doped dysprosium oxide from the respectivemetal nitrates and characterization studies were conductedby FT-IR, X-Ray Differaction, UV-Visible-DRS and FE-SEM analysis. XRD showed the prepared nanomaterial to be in a nano range with high crystallinity. The particles possesed a spherical morphology and of the order of 40-50 nm(particle size) as evidenced from FE-SEM analysis. From theUV-Visible-DRS analysis the band gap energy was calculated as 3.15 eV. The synthesizedZnO doped dysprosium oxide was employed as a photocatalyst under UV light irradiation for selective organic transformation reaction. Quinones especially benzoquinones are a class of compounds which forms a basic structural skeleton for various natural compounds. They are widely employed asa precursor for natural products synthesis. Herein we report the synthesis of N-phenyl-p-benzoquinonimine from diphenylamine by employing ZnO doped dysprosium oxide as a photocatalyst under UV light irradiation in ethanol. Thin Layer Chromatography was used to check the progress of the reaction. Optimization studies for the reaction parameters were conducted systematically.
