Document Type : Research Article
Authors
Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, India
Abstract
Surface modification of polymeric biomaterials for tissue engineering applications has drawn considerable research interest. In this work, the surface of polyaniline (PAni) nanofibers/chitosan nanocomposites has been modified by plasma irradiation technique to improve its biocompatibility. The average diameter of PAni nanofibers determined by HRTEM is 35.66 nm, whereas FESEM images depict interconnected network of nanofibers dispersed uniformly throughout the chitosan matrix. XRD patterns of PAni/Chitosan nanocomposites after plasma treatment indicate increase in amorphous nature. The alterations in surface morphology after plasma treatment have been confirmed with the help of SEM analysis. The surface chemistry of the samples after plasma treatment has been investigated by means of ATR-FTIR and contact angle measurements. The ATR-FTIR spectra and surface energy measurements show incorporation of polar functional groups after oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2) plasma treatment. Preliminary biocompatibility assessments of the plasma treated PAni/Chitosan nanocomposites have been accomplished using Alamar Blue assay with Hep G2 and Primary peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC) cells. Both assays show maximum enhancement in cell viability for O2 and N2 plasma treated samples, comparing to the pristine one, whereas least cell viability was observed for Ar plasma treated samples. This study depicts that gas plasma treatment can effectively enhance the bioactivity of PAni/Chitosan nanocomposites and can make them attractive for tissue engineering applications. Copyright © 2016 VBRI Press.
Keywords
2.Ikada, Y.; Tissue engineering: fundamentals and
applications; Academic Press: Belgium, 2011.
3.Patrick, C. W.; Antonios, G. M.; McIntire, L. V. (Eds.);
Frontiers in tissue engineering; Elsevier: USA, 1998.
4.Vacanti, J. P.;Langer, R. J.-Lancet,1999, 354, 32.
5.Spira, M.; Fissette, J.; Hal, C.W.; Hardy, S. B.; Gerow, F. J.
J. Biomed. Mater. Res.1969,3, 213.
6.Giardino, R.; Aldini N. N.; Torricelli, P.; Fini, M; Giavaresi,
G.; Rocca, M.; Martini, L.; Int J Artif Organs, 2000, 23, 331.
7.Ma, Z.; Kotaki, M.; Inai, R.; Ramakrishna, S.Tissue Eng.
2005,11, 101.
8.Goldberg, M.; Langer, R.; Jia, X.J. Biomater. Sci., Polym.
Ed.2007, 18, 241.
9.Gentile, F.; Medda, R..; Cheng, L.; Battista, E.; Scopelliti, P.
E.; Milani, P.; Cavalcanti-Adam, E. A.; Decuzzi, P. Sci. Rep.
2013, 3, 1461.
10.Lloyd, N.; Ncube, S.; Sibanda, P.; Akankwasa, N. T.Mater.
Sci.: Indian J.2012, 12, 218.
11.Webster, T. J.; Ejiofor, J. U.Biomaterials.2004,25, 4731.
12.Hosseinkhani, M.; Mehrabani, D.; Karimfar, M. H.;
Bakhtiyari, S.; Manafi, A.; Shirazi, R. World J. Plast. Surg.
2014,3, 3.
13.Sell, S. A.; Wolfe, P. S.; Garg, K.; McCool, J. M.; Rodriguez,
I. A.; Bowlin, G. L.Polymers.2010, 2, 522.
14.Balint, R.; Cassidy, N. J.; Cartmell, S. H.Acta Biomater.
2014,10, 2341.
15.Ghasemi‐Mobarakeh, L.; Prabhakaran, M. P.; Morshed, M.;
Nasr‐Esfahani, M. H.; Baharvand, H.; Kiani, S.; Al‐Deyab
S. S.; Ramakrishna, S.J. Tissue Eng. Regener. Med.2011,5,
17.
16.Ma, Z.; Mao, Z.; Gao, C.Colloids Surf., B.2007,60, 137.
17.Dai, L.; Mau, A. W. H.J. Phys. Chem. B.2000,104, 1891.
18.Olde Riekerink, M. B.; Structural and chemical modification
of polymer surfaces by gas plasma etching; University
Twente: Netherlands, 2001.
19.Gomathi, N.; Neogi, S.Appl. Surf. Sci., 2009, 255, 7590.
20.Svirachev, D. M.; Tabaliov, N. A.Bulg. J. Phys.2005, 321,
22.
21.Castro Vidaurre, E. F.; Achete, C. A.; Gallo, F.; Garcia, D.;
Simão, R.; Habert, A. C.Mater. Res.2002,5, 37.
22.Liston, E. M.;Martinu, L.; Wertheimer, M. R.J. Adhes. Sci.
Technol.1993, 7, 1091.
23.López-Pérez, P. M.; Marques, A. P.; da Silva, R. M.;
Pashkuleva, I.; Reis, R. L.J. Mater. Chem.2007, 17, 4064.
24.Oyane, A.; Uchida, M.; Yokoyama, Y.; Choong, C.; Triffitt,
J.; Ito, A.J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part A.2005,75, 138.
25.Kong, J. S.; Lee, D. J.; Kim,H. D.J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2001,
82, 1677.
26.Kim, Y. J.; Kang,I. K.; Huh, M. W.; Yoon, S. C.
Biomaterials, 2000,21, 121.
27.Siow, K. S.; Britcher,L.; Kumar, S.; Griesser, H. J.Plasma
Processes Polym.2006,3, 392.
28.Chen, M.; Zamora, P. O.; Som, P.; Peña, L.A.; Osaki, S.J.
Biomater. Sci., Polym. Ed.2003, 14, 917.
29.Mattioli-Belmonte, M.; Giavaresi, G.; Biagini, G.; Virgili, L.;
Giacomini, M.; Fini, M.; Giantomassi, F.; Natali, D;
Torricelli, P; Giardino, R. Int. J. Artif. Organs.2003, 26,
1077.
30.Anderson, J. M.Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 2001, 31, 81.
31.Petrov, P.; Mokreva, P.; Kostov, I.; Uzunova, V.; Tzoneva,
R. Carbohydr. Polym.2016, 140, 349.
32.Xu, D.; Fan, L.; Gao, L.; Xiong, Y.; Wang, Y.; Ye, Q.; Yu,
A.; Dai, H.; Yin, Y.; Cai, J.; Zhang, L.ACS Appl. Mater.
Interfaces, 2016, 8, 17090.
33.Miao, Z.; Wang, P.; Zhong, A.; Yang, M.; Xu, Q.; Hao, S.;
Hu, X.J. Electroanal. Chem.2015,756, 153.
34.Pérez-Martínez, C.J.; Chávez, S.D.M.; del Castillo-Castro,
T.; Ceniceros, T.E.L.; Castillo-Ortega, M.M.; Rodríguez-
Félix, D.E.; Ruiz, J.C.G.React. Funct. Polym.2016, 100, 12.
35.Min, Y.; Yang, Y.; Poojari, Y.; Liu, Y.; Wu, J.C.; Hansford,
D.J.; Epstein, A.J.Biomacromolecules.2013, 14, 1727.
36.Chiou, N. R.; Epstein, A. J.Adv. Mater.2005, 17, 1679.
37.Van Oss, C. J; Roberts, M. J.; Good, R. J.; Chaudhury, M. K.
Colloids Surf.1987, 23, 369.
38.Ayad, M. M.; Salahuddin, N.A.; Minisy, I. M.; Amer, W. A.
Sens. Actuators, B.2014,202, 144.
39.Pouget, J. P.; Jozefowicz, M. E.; Epstein, A. E. A.; Tang, X.;
MacDiarmid, A. G.Macromolecules.1991,24, 779.
40.Furukawa, Y.; Ueda, F.; Hyodo, Y.; Harada,I.; Nakajima, T.;
Kawagoe, T. Macromolecules.1988,21, 1297.
41.Sariciftci, N. S.; Kuzmany,H.; Neugebauer, H.; Neckel, A.J.
Chem. Phys.1990,92, 4530.
42.Quillard, S.; Louarn, G.;Lefrant, S.; MacDiarmid, A. G.
Phys. Rev. B.1994, 50, 12496.
43.Pavia, D. L.; Lampman, G. M.; Kriz, G. E.; Introduction to
spectroscopy; Thomson Learning: USA, 2008.
44.Wagner, A. J.; Fairbrother, D. H.; Reniers, F.Plasmas
Polym.2003, 8, 119.
45.France, R. M.; Short, R. D.Langmuir.1998, 14, 4827.
46.Wang, C.; Chen, J. R.Appl. Surf. Sci.2007,253, 4599.
47.Liu, L.; Chen, S.; Giachelli, C. M.; Ratner, B. D.; Jiang, S. J.
Biomed. Mater. Res., Part A.2005, 74, 23.
48.Kaelble,D. H.; Moacanin, J.Polymer.1977,18, 475.
49.Ostuni, E.; Chapman, R. G.; Holmlin, R. E.; Takayama, S.;
Whitesides, G. M.Langmuir.2001, 17, 5605.
)