Editorial
Hisatoshi Kobayashi; Mikael Syväjärvi
Abstract
Dear Readers,The Asian Advanced Material Congress was carried out during 11-16 March 2017 on Diamond Princess Cruise Ship which was cruising from Singapore - Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) - Penang (Malaysia) - Phuket (Thailand) - Singapore. At the conference, we had the opportunity to discuss various advanced ...
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Dear Readers,The Asian Advanced Material Congress was carried out during 11-16 March 2017 on Diamond Princess Cruise Ship which was cruising from Singapore - Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) - Penang (Malaysia) - Phuket (Thailand) - Singapore. At the conference, we had the opportunity to discuss various advanced materials approaches and enjoy cultural experiences.Now when the advanced materials congress expands to have events in Europe, USA, and Asia annually and not only once per year with rotation to each world continent, it also means that there is a challenge to find time to attend and plan before each meeting to these congress events. So, in order to focus, the congress chair since many years Professor Anthony P.F. Turner decided to focus on his research activities and focus on Biosensors conferences.
Research Article
Azhar Equbal; Md. Asif Equbal; Anoop Kumar Sood
Abstract
Present paper compares the copper electroplating on FDM (Fused deposition modelling) parts through two different routes. The two routes are: (i) Method of electroplating using chromic acid for surface preparation (ii) Method of electroplating using aluminium charcoal (Al-C) paste for surface preparation. ...
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Present paper compares the copper electroplating on FDM (Fused deposition modelling) parts through two different routes. The two routes are: (i) Method of electroplating using chromic acid for surface preparation (ii) Method of electroplating using aluminium charcoal (Al-C) paste for surface preparation. Same plating condition is used for both the routes adapted. The result proposes that better copper deposition occurs using the Al-C paste than method using chromic acid for surface preparation. However, it was observed that in few samples, problem of shell cracking occurs in Al-C route, the reason for which is dissolution of paste at high operating condition during electroplating. Finally, the conclusion was made that Al-C paste at suitable operating conditions can be used for electroplating of FDM processed ABS parts. Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press.
Research Article
Praveenkumar R. Upadhyay; Vivek Srivastava
Abstract
Stable, well dispersed and agglomeration free Ru metal doped TiO2 nanoparticles were produced by a sol gel method (with and without ionic liquid reaction medium). Such unique physiochemical properties of Ru-TiO2-IL catalyst were utilized as catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation reaction in task specific ionic ...
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Stable, well dispersed and agglomeration free Ru metal doped TiO2 nanoparticles were produced by a sol gel method (with and without ionic liquid reaction medium). Such unique physiochemical properties of Ru-TiO2-IL catalyst were utilized as catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation reaction in task specific ionic liquid medium. Low catalysts loading, moisture/air stability, high selectivity, easy catalyst synthesis protocol as well as stress-free reaction condition along with 5 times catalysts recycling are the major outcomes of the proposed report. Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press.
Research Article
Neha Khatri; Rohit Sharma; Vinod Mishra; Harry Garg; Vinod Karar
Abstract
Silicon Mirrors are essential components for guiding the X-Ray beam and focusing it to a particular location. Due to lower X-ray wavelength, these mirrors require super smooth surface finish to avoid the strong scattering from surface. Single Point Diamond Turning is used to examine the fabrication possibility ...
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Silicon Mirrors are essential components for guiding the X-Ray beam and focusing it to a particular location. Due to lower X-ray wavelength, these mirrors require super smooth surface finish to avoid the strong scattering from surface. Single Point Diamond Turning is used to examine the fabrication possibility of X-Ray mirror. A number of machining cuts are performed with parameters like tool feed rate, Spindle Speed and depth of cut. The surface is characterized by mechanical profiler, optical profiler, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The optimized surface roughness achieved is 0.873 nm. Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press.
Research Article
Mohd A. Ansari; Daipayan Dasgupta; K. Sreenivas
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light detection characteristics with sputtered ZnO films deposited on paper with graphite pencil drawn conducting inter-digital electrodes on normal paper have been investigated. Structural, electrical and microstructural properties of ZnO films grown by magnetron sputtering ...
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Ultraviolet (UV) light detection characteristics with sputtered ZnO films deposited on paper with graphite pencil drawn conducting inter-digital electrodes on normal paper have been investigated. Structural, electrical and microstructural properties of ZnO films grown by magnetron sputtering technique at under differentsputtering pressures have been evaluated forultraviolet (UV) light detection. Different types of paper used as substrate material, and the influence of their surface microstructure on the growth of ZnO film quality is examined.Films deposited on the fibrous paper are found to be polycrystalline, whereas the same films on dense glass substrates promote a c-axis oriented growth. The nucleation of sputtered ZnO films on paper is found to occur along the fine fibers of the paper and vary with sputtering pressure. Films grown at higher sputtering pressures (30 to 40 mTorr) in Ar/O2=50:50 are found to yield dense deposits. Pencil drawn inter- digital electrode structures on paper overlaid with 0.25 μm thick ZnO films exhibit reproducible photo response to ultraviolet (UV) light (= 365 nm), with low dark current. It’simportant for low prize and easy fabrication of optoelectronic foldable devices.Copyright © 2017VBRI Press
Research Article
Rohit Sharma; Neha Khatri; Vinod Mishra; Harry Garg; Vinod Karar
Abstract
Subsurface Damage (SSD), which is introduced to optical materials by diamond turning processes, affects the performance in optical, laser and infrared applications. For optical applications, SSD can be the source of component instability (e.g., surface stress) and flaw. The objective of the present study ...
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Subsurface Damage (SSD), which is introduced to optical materials by diamond turning processes, affects the performance in optical, laser and infrared applications. For optical applications, SSD can be the source of component instability (e.g., surface stress) and flaw. The objective of the present study is to investigate the subsurface damage in silicon. Interferometry and Raman Spectroscopy are used to detect the surface finish and SSD. The surface roughness of 0.243 nm is achieved at best combination. A sharp Raman shift at 409 cm-1 is obtained, which reveals that a thin layer of Silicon has transformed to amorphous state resulting in subsurface damages. Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press.
Research Article
Yesappa L; Niranjana M; Sharanappa Chapi; Archana K.; Raghu S.; Devendrappa H
Abstract
Bio-intercalation based Polyaniline (PANI)-Aloe vera (AV) with Lithium Perchlorate (LiClO4) composites has been synthesized by In-situ chemical reaction method. The composite was employed characterizations with help of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) ...
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Bio-intercalation based Polyaniline (PANI)-Aloe vera (AV) with Lithium Perchlorate (LiClO4) composites has been synthesized by In-situ chemical reaction method. The composite was employed characterizations with help of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to know the chemical interaction and morphology of the composites. From SEM result it was noticed that morphology became changes significantly with reduce porosity. The Ultra Violet Absorption (UV-Vis) study shows that absorption increases as well as maximum peak shifts and PAL10 red shifts in visible region at 615nm. These results manifest that PANI-AV/LiClO4 (PAL) composites are the promising materials for solar cell, LED’s and electrical applications. Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press
Research Article
Bharti Sharma; Nahar Singh; Ram P. Tandon; Ajit K. Mahapatro
Abstract
This work demonstrates the structural interaction of the as-synthesized zinc peroxide (ZnO2) nanoparticles with fibroblast cells (FBC). The ZnO2 nanoparticles (ZNP) of desired sizes (10-20 nm) are synthesized, and the purity and structural confirmations are studied using various imaging and spectroscopic ...
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This work demonstrates the structural interaction of the as-synthesized zinc peroxide (ZnO2) nanoparticles with fibroblast cells (FBC). The ZnO2 nanoparticles (ZNP) of desired sizes (10-20 nm) are synthesized, and the purity and structural confirmations are studied using various imaging and spectroscopic techniques. FBC (buffalo) lines are cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and penicillin (100 µg/mL), and with non-essential amino acid and vitamin as additional ingredients, followed by incubation at 37°C with continuous purging of the chamber using 5% CO2. The fluorescent microscopic images are captured for the initial healthy and cultured FBCs, and after pouring the nanoparticles in the cultured FBCs. Healthy cell-growth is noticed during the cell culture process suggesting the formation of ZNP-FBC complexes without contamination and coagulation. After allowing the interaction of ZNPs with the FBCs, the presence of ZNPs only on the cell sites are observed without coagulation of ZNPs in the cell areas, suggesting the selective interference of ZNPs on the surface of the grown cell. The understanding of the interaction process of the ZNPs with the living cell, would provide the practical utilization of the ZNPs in nanomedicine and nano-drug delivery. Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press.
Research Article
M.S. Charoo; M. F. Wani; M. Hanief; Aman Chetani; M. A. Rather
Abstract
Abrasive wear of steel-aluminium tribo-pair is one of the major problems in engineering applications. In this research study, our main objective is to find out the tribological behaviour of shaft material, usually made of hardened EN8 and EN24 steel under lubricated condition against Aluminium alloy ...
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Abrasive wear of steel-aluminium tribo-pair is one of the major problems in engineering applications. In this research study, our main objective is to find out the tribological behaviour of shaft material, usually made of hardened EN8 and EN24 steel under lubricated condition against Aluminium alloy 6061. A conventional lubricant SAE 20W50 has been used, as it is the most common lubricating oil used in IC engines. Tribological tests were conducted on reciprocating friction test rig using pin-on-disc configuration under various operating parameters such as speed, load and temperature. The effect of these parameters on friction and wear was studied. It was observed in this study that with increase in load and speed, the coefficient of friction decreased while it increased with increase in temperature. However, comparison of results revealed that with the increase in load, EN24 alloy is suitable than the EN8 steel with coefficient of friction as deciding factor. The specific wear coefficient and wear volume increased with increase in all of these parameters and it was observed that under varying speed the tribo-pair consisting of EN24 steel is more suitable in comparison to EN8 steel from the wear point of view.
Research Article
Anupma Sharma; Vijay Kumar; Saurav Kumar; Pooja D; Sudeshna Bagchi; Amol P. Bhondekar
Abstract
In this work, we present the first investigations of Mn3O4 nanoparticles doped in polyaniline (PANI) matrix for gas sensing application. PANI/Mn3O4 nanocomposite (NC) was synthesized by facile one step reduction method with varied dopant concentrations (1mM and 3mM) of synthesized Mn3O4 nanoparticles ...
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In this work, we present the first investigations of Mn3O4 nanoparticles doped in polyaniline (PANI) matrix for gas sensing application. PANI/Mn3O4 nanocomposite (NC) was synthesized by facile one step reduction method with varied dopant concentrations (1mM and 3mM) of synthesized Mn3O4 nanoparticles followed by its characterization for optical, structural, morphological, thermal and electrical properties. Optical characterization by UV-Vis and FT-IR confirmed the doping of Mn3O4 in polymer matrix. TGA analysis showed improvement in the thermal stability of the NC. SEM images portrayed agglomerated morphology of PANI whereas the NC depicted fibre-like structures symptomatic of more porosity. Gas sensing behavior was investigated towards acetone, ethanol and benzaldehyde vapours. The sensor with 3mM dopant concentration exhibited significant sensing response with a sensitivity of 1.5 at room temperature towards acetone vapour, which can be attributed to the controlled and improved properties at the interface via molecular and supramolecular interactions. The synthesized NC has a potential use as acetone sensor with fast response and recovery. Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press
Research Article
Manpreet Kaur; Akshay Kumar; Manoj Sharma
Abstract
Composition regulation of semiconductors can engineer the band gap and thus tune the optical properties. For effective utilization of orange emitting phosphors in color conversion applications blue excitation is necessary. Here in this work, absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopic measurements ...
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Composition regulation of semiconductors can engineer the band gap and thus tune the optical properties. For effective utilization of orange emitting phosphors in color conversion applications blue excitation is necessary. Here in this work, absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopic measurements have been done to study the variation in band gap energy by changing the composition of ZnxCd1-xS nanocrystals. Further, ternary Mn doped ZnxCd1-xS semiconductor nanocrystals have been synthesized via an aqueous route over a wide composition range by adjusting the molar ratio of precursors which leads to tunable bandgap, thus propagate the progressive growth of light absorption and photoluminescence spectra. The variation in tunability of bandgap is due to the change in Cd/Zn ratio. By changing Cd/Zn ratio excitation wavelength shifts from UV to blue colour. Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press.
Research Article
Rabesh Kumar Singh; Anuj Kumar Sharma; Amit Rai Dixit; Arun Kumar Tiwari; Amitava Mandal
Abstract
Health and environmental concerns about the use of excessive conventional cutting fluids during conventional machining has led to the development of a new type of cutting fluid. Inefficient disposal of industrial cutting fluids during wet machining also reduces the use of conventional cutting fluid. ...
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Health and environmental concerns about the use of excessive conventional cutting fluids during conventional machining has led to the development of a new type of cutting fluid. Inefficient disposal of industrial cutting fluids during wet machining also reduces the use of conventional cutting fluid. Nano-material mixed cutting fluids have shown superior thermal properties and tribological properties. In the present work, different nanofluids are prepared by suspension of Titanium dioxide (TiO2), Silicon oxide (SiO2) and Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles in vegetable oil and water-based emulsion at room temperature in different volumetric concentrations. The viscosity and density of the developed nanofluids are measured at different temperatures for different nanoparticle volumetric concentrations. From the experimental results, it has been found that with the increase of nanoparticle concentration in base fluid, enhanced the its viscosity and density. Furthermore, addition of nanoparticles at 25 ºC enhances viscosity more compared to its addition at higher temperatures. For an increase of concentration from 0.25% to 3%, enhancement in viscosity of Al2O3, SiO2 and TiO2 nanofluids is observed as 41.6%, 43.75% and 35.55%, respectively, while for higher temperatures almost constant improvement of 25%, 24% and 30% is observed for Al2O3, SiO2 and TiO2 nanofluids, respectively. The viscosity and density of three different nanofluids are also compared. Results showed that newly prepared Al2O3 based nanofluid exhibits better properties than TiO2 and SiO2 based nanofluids. Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press.
Research Article
Arti I. Nandapure; Subhash B. Kondawar; Bharti I. Nandapure; Manish M. Choudhari
Abstract
Polyaniline/ferrite nanocomposites have attracted increasing attention because they offer the possibility of a new generation of nanostructure materials with advanced applications like electromagnetic interference shielding, rechargeable batteries, corrosion devices due to their flexibility, inexpensive ...
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Polyaniline/ferrite nanocomposites have attracted increasing attention because they offer the possibility of a new generation of nanostructure materials with advanced applications like electromagnetic interference shielding, rechargeable batteries, corrosion devices due to their flexibility, inexpensive and easy of synthesis. Polyaniline (PANI) containing MFe2O4 were prepared by in-situ polymerization of aniline in aqueous solution (Where M-represent divalent metal cation, M2+ = Ni2+). PANI reduces the agglomeration of nanosized nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) particles which is good for the stabilization of nanoparticles. The investigation of structural, morphological and optical properties was carried out for the synthesized PANI/NiFe2O4 nanocomposites using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis). XRD revealed that the structure of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles is spinel with space group Fd3m and crystallite size 14 nm. Lattice parameter was found to increases with NiFe2O4 concentration in PANI and this may be due to the larger ionic radius of the Ni2+ ion. XRD pattern of PANI/NiFe2O4 nanocomposites at different ferrite molar percent are just the superposition of those of polyaniline and ferrite nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy of PANI/NiFe2O4 nanocomposites show increase in particle size over pure a NiFe2O4 nanoparticles which is relevant with XRD results. UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy of PANI/NiFe2O4 nanocomposites shows two absorption bands in range of 300-350 nm and 600-650 nm which reflects interaction of ferrite nanoparticles with PANI. Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press.