Review Article
Vladimir G. Krishtop; Dmitry A. Zhevnenko; Evgeny G. Gornev; Sergey S. Vergeles; Alexander S. Bugaev; Vladimir G. Popov; Pavel V. Dudkin; Sergey V. Kohanovsky; Tatyana V. Krishtop
Abstract
In this paper, we consider technology and application of electrochemical transducers (ECT). Electrochemical systems are very promising for the development of a new element base for microelectronics. One of the most important directions is the design of micro-sized electrochemical acceleration and pressure ...
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In this paper, we consider technology and application of electrochemical transducers (ECT). Electrochemical systems are very promising for the development of a new element base for microelectronics. One of the most important directions is the design of micro-sized electrochemical acceleration and pressure sensors, and one of the most promising technologies is electrochemical transfer. Electrochemical transducers are very sensitive and energy-efficient and best suited for measuring weak mechanical movements. The basic principle consist in the following: microelectrodes are formed on a silicon chip and the chip is placed in a container with liquid electrolyte. Under the influence of an external mechanical signal, the electrolyte liquid starts moving (by inertia or by pressure) and transfers ions between the electrodes. The generated electric current is proportional to the external mechanical signal. We have developed a new microelectronic technology for electrochemical transducers, and have designed new instruments based on new electrochemical microelectronic chips. Currently, ECTs are applied for a variety of engineering tasks. ECTs are used to record the ground oscillation in the railway, in the tsunami early warning system, in electrochemical hydrophones for sea-bottom stations and for geoexploration systems, in the precise azimuth determination inertial systems. Copyright © VBRI Press.
Research Article
Claudio Scarponi
Abstract
The purpose of the paper is the description of the main applications of the so-called “Green Composites”, composed by natural fibers, such as hemp and flax, embedded by bio-polymers and the contribution of such materials to the reduction of the environmental pollution. Since the Kyoto Conference ...
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The purpose of the paper is the description of the main applications of the so-called “Green Composites”, composed by natural fibers, such as hemp and flax, embedded by bio-polymers and the contribution of such materials to the reduction of the environmental pollution. Since the Kyoto Conference at the end of 90’s of the last century, there is higher and higher attention to the concepts of sustainability. The market of composite materials based on synthetic resins and synthetic fibers, such as glass and carbon fibers, is huge. Billions of tons worldwide are used in the fields of civil constructions, marine constructions, sport goods, automotive, aerospace constructions. After a short description of the most interesting bio-polymers and natural fibers of interest worldwide, the paper describes the products developed nowadays and future possibilities for more applications, with care to future applications in aeronautical constructions.
Research Article
Marcel Lowell Villanueva; Olaf Droegehorn
Abstract
Homes and working spaces are considered significant contributors to the top percentage of energy consumption and carbon emissions worldwide. Previous studies in the field of home- and building automation have demonstrated the sustainability gain brought by smart home solutions, in terms of energy-efficiency, ...
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Homes and working spaces are considered significant contributors to the top percentage of energy consumption and carbon emissions worldwide. Previous studies in the field of home- and building automation have demonstrated the sustainability gain brought by smart home solutions, in terms of energy-efficiency, economic savings, and enhanced living and working conditions. A major barrier, however, to the adoption of these solutions is the complexity and poor usability of user interfaces. In addition, various modes of interactions for the control and automation of residential environments are an emerging area of study within Human-Computer Interaction. As a response to these challenges, this study investigates the use of gestures as a natural way of controlling and interacting with home automation systems. After a survey of available motion capture technologies (Microsoft Kinect and LEAP Motion) and studies related to both, a gesture dictionary will be defined as a set of meaning actions in free form in-air movements. A socio-technical study t will be conducted to measure the resulting aspects such as acceptability, ease-of-use, and culturability. Lastly, the study will present the analysis and effects of gestures control for a higher up-take of smart home solutions towards designing and maintaining buildings of the future that are both user-centric and resource efficient to reduce our overall carbon footprint.
Research Article
Dmitry A. Zhevnenko; Evgeny G. Gornev; Sergey S. Vergeles; Tatyana V. Krishtop; Vladimir G. Krishtop
Abstract
Planar ECTs (electrochemical transducers) are the new type of sensors, which are very effective for measuring pressure and motions (velocity and acceleration). These sensors are characterized by an exceptionally high sensitivity to mechanical action due to high rate of transducing of the mechanic signal ...
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Planar ECTs (electrochemical transducers) are the new type of sensors, which are very effective for measuring pressure and motions (velocity and acceleration). These sensors are characterized by an exceptionally high sensitivity to mechanical action due to high rate of transducing of the mechanic signal into electric current. In this work, we develop a mathematical model of a planar electrochemical system, which detects mechanical signals. We simulated the processes of mass and charge transfer in planar electrochemical transducer, obtained the main system characteristics and investigated the dependence on geometric parameters.
Research Article
Masashi Hatanaka
Abstract
A useful formulation of ion-adsorption kinetics is introduced based on our recent researches. The chemical reaction kinetics and diffusion kinetics are simultaneously analyzed combining with the Einstein’s viscosity formula. The rate-determining steps are quantitatively determined by estimating ...
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A useful formulation of ion-adsorption kinetics is introduced based on our recent researches. The chemical reaction kinetics and diffusion kinetics are simultaneously analyzed combining with the Einstein’s viscosity formula. The rate-determining steps are quantitatively determined by estimating the relative magnitude of the kinetics resistances in the boundary film and the particle. The key concept of this method is an addition theorem of film-diffusion kinetic resistance and the particle-diffusion kinetic resistance. While in hydrophilic polymers, the thickness of boundary film decreases due to the attractive force between the ion and the surface, in hydrophobic polymers, it increases with the amount of hydrophobic components. This is confirmed by using chitosan resins with hydrophilic/hydrophobic components. The experiments are based on the batch method, and degree of film-diffusion control and particle-diffusion control is determined simultaneously. The film mass-transfer coefficient in the boundary film is also determined from a simple plotting of the experimental data. This method is also applicable to ion-exchange kinetics by summing the kinetic resistances at each step in the ion-exchange reaction and the mutual diffusion. Our method will serve as a guiding tool for designing of adsorption agents and ion-exchangers. Copyright © VBRI Press.
Research Article
Zhang Quanzhu; Zhao Zimei; Qian Huifa; Ge Yanxiang
Abstract
In order to solve the problem of continuous large-scale detection of dust detection system in mines, a dust detection system based on wireless sensor network is designed. The system is composed of data acquisition node, ZigBee coordinator and ARM9 processor S3C2440. The data acquisition node includes ...
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In order to solve the problem of continuous large-scale detection of dust detection system in mines, a dust detection system based on wireless sensor network is designed. The system is composed of data acquisition node, ZigBee coordinator and ARM9 processor S3C2440. The data acquisition node includes temperature and humidity sensor DTU21D, laser dust detector and ZigBee node. CC2530 as the second generation of on-chip system that integrates RF and controller, is applied to ZigBee nodes and coordinators. The ZigBee protocol stack is used in software, and various functions of application layer are implemented on the basis of ZStack general module. This paper introduces the wireless data acquisition node based on ZigBee protocol, and gives the hardware design block diagram and software flow chart of data acquisition node, coordinator and data processing module. The experimental data prove that the communication reliability of the system is high, and it can realize the wireless, real-time, accurate and large-scale detection of dust concentration in the mine.
Research Article
Maykon Christian Meneghel; Percy Nohama; Guilherme Nunes Nogueira Neto
Abstract
Accidental falls may occur in the elderly, especially older than 65 years. Among the intrinsic factors that corroborate this fatality are the physiological changes resulting from the aging process. Factors such as inadequate lighting, uneven ground, or some obstacles along the way also contribute to ...
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Accidental falls may occur in the elderly, especially older than 65 years. Among the intrinsic factors that corroborate this fatality are the physiological changes resulting from the aging process. Factors such as inadequate lighting, uneven ground, or some obstacles along the way also contribute to falls. The literature indicates most falls occur in the domestic environment. In some cases, falls can cause serious injuries, such as bone fractures and head injuries. In these cases, intervention time to treat a person who has fallen is crucial. In this study, we developed a Wi-Fi fall detector buckle to be used indoors at waist height by the elderly. For testing purposes, we assumed a simple detection threshold that identifies a fall whenever the absolute value recorded by the accelerometer is greater than 2.3 g and the angle formed between the y-axis and the vertical sagittal axis of the buckle device is greater than 60°. The device is functional, adjustable, flexible and inexpensive. It is functional because it can differentiate falls from ADL with 84.1% accuracy, adjustable because it allows to change the fall detection threshold, flexible for including new detection algorithms and cheap because it uses components available in abundance in the market.
Research Article
Lila A. Alkhtaby
Abstract
We have to study the factors affecting the synthesis of Co doping ZnO Nano powder with the sol – gel method to study the effect of quantity or doping concentration we fix the reaction base at pH = 9 and change the doping concentration the structural and morphology ...
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We have to study the factors affecting the synthesis of Co doping ZnO Nano powder with the sol – gel method to study the effect of quantity or doping concentration we fix the reaction base at pH = 9 and change the doping concentration the structural and morphology carried out with X-ray and SEM show hexagonal wurtzite nanoparticles for Zn 1-x Co x O for x = 0.01 and x = 0.05 and increase of the cell volume and lattice parameter with increase of x concentration ,the florescence spectroscopy at room temperature show peaks at ultraviolet for both concentration with read shift for x = 0.05. To study the effect of pH value we fix doping concentration at x = 0.05, SEM shows a spherical nanoparticle with size 38 – 52 nm for pH = 9 and hexagonal nanoparticles with size 42 – 52 nm for pH = 6. The florescence spectroscopy at room temperature exhibit that for pH = 9 there is no band observed in the ultraviolet region bands are around 380,420 and 475 nm. The Ultraviolet/Visible (UV) Spectroscopy exhibit decrease of the band gap energy with increase doping concentration and decrease with increase pH value. Copyright © VBRI Press.
Research Article
R. Sri Siva; M. Shunmuga Priyan
Abstract
The effect of cryogenic treatment on the enhancement of tensile residual stress resistance in the SAE 52100 bearing steel was studied using X-Ray diffraction technique. The tensile residual stress behaviour is assessed by X-Ray diffractometer as per the ASTM standard E2860-12. Refinement of carbide particle ...
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The effect of cryogenic treatment on the enhancement of tensile residual stress resistance in the SAE 52100 bearing steel was studied using X-Ray diffraction technique. The tensile residual stress behaviour is assessed by X-Ray diffractometer as per the ASTM standard E2860-12. Refinement of carbide particle by deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) is often proposed as the improvement for the residual stress in the bearing steel. X-Ray diffractometer technique include the identification and quantitative analysis of crystalline chemical compounds (phase analysis and quantification, e.g. retained austenite determination), residual macro- and micro-stress analysis. It was found that the tensile residual stress was increased by +30Mpa due to deep cryogenic treatment when compared with that of conventional heat treatment (CHT). Moreover, the hardness of the DCT samples shows an improvement of 15% over the CHT samples.