Ashok Kumar; Rajiv Borah
Volume 1, Issue 1 , 2016, , Pages 146-155
Abstract
Surface modification of polymeric biomaterials for tissue engineering applications has drawn considerable research interest. In this work, the surface of polyaniline (PAni) nanofibers/chitosan nanocomposites has been modified by plasma irradiation technique to improve its biocompatibility. The average ...
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Surface modification of polymeric biomaterials for tissue engineering applications has drawn considerable research interest. In this work, the surface of polyaniline (PAni) nanofibers/chitosan nanocomposites has been modified by plasma irradiation technique to improve its biocompatibility. The average diameter of PAni nanofibers determined by HRTEM is 35.66 nm, whereas FESEM images depict interconnected network of nanofibers dispersed uniformly throughout the chitosan matrix. XRD patterns of PAni/Chitosan nanocomposites after plasma treatment indicate increase in amorphous nature. The alterations in surface morphology after plasma treatment have been confirmed with the help of SEM analysis. The surface chemistry of the samples after plasma treatment has been investigated by means of ATR-FTIR and contact angle measurements. The ATR-FTIR spectra and surface energy measurements show incorporation of polar functional groups after oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2) plasma treatment. Preliminary biocompatibility assessments of the plasma treated PAni/Chitosan nanocomposites have been accomplished using Alamar Blue assay with Hep G2 and Primary peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC) cells. Both assays show maximum enhancement in cell viability for O2 and N2 plasma treated samples, comparing to the pristine one, whereas least cell viability was observed for Ar plasma treated samples. This study depicts that gas plasma treatment can effectively enhance the bioactivity of PAni/Chitosan nanocomposites and can make them attractive for tissue engineering applications.
Ashok Kumar; Rajiv Borah
Abstract
Surface modification of polymeric biomaterials for tissue engineering applications has drawn considerable research interest. In this work, the surface of polyaniline (PAni) nanofibers/chitosan nanocomposites has been modified by plasma irradiation technique to improve its biocompatibility. The average ...
Read More
Surface modification of polymeric biomaterials for tissue engineering applications has drawn considerable research interest. In this work, the surface of polyaniline (PAni) nanofibers/chitosan nanocomposites has been modified by plasma irradiation technique to improve its biocompatibility. The average diameter of PAni nanofibers determined by HRTEM is 35.66 nm, whereas FESEM images depict interconnected network of nanofibers dispersed uniformly throughout the chitosan matrix. XRD patterns of PAni/Chitosan nanocomposites after plasma treatment indicate increase in amorphous nature. The alterations in surface morphology after plasma treatment have been confirmed with the help of SEM analysis. The surface chemistry of the samples after plasma treatment has been investigated by means of ATR-FTIR and contact angle measurements. The ATR-FTIR spectra and surface energy measurements show incorporation of polar functional groups after oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2) plasma treatment. Preliminary biocompatibility assessments of the plasma treated PAni/Chitosan nanocomposites have been accomplished using Alamar Blue assay with Hep G2 and Primary peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC) cells. Both assays show maximum enhancement in cell viability for O2 and N2 plasma treated samples, comparing to the pristine one, whereas least cell viability was observed for Ar plasma treated samples. This study depicts that gas plasma treatment can effectively enhance the bioactivity of PAni/Chitosan nanocomposites and can make them attractive for tissue engineering applications. Copyright © 2016 VBRI Press.
Amit Kesarwani; Suraj Kumar
Abstract
An enormous portion of nutrient (crop residue) is taken out from soil on account of its competitive use and considerably less residue returning to soil leading to negative balance, prompts lower crop productivity, poor economic return and low nutrient use efficiency prompting large environmental footprint. ...
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An enormous portion of nutrient (crop residue) is taken out from soil on account of its competitive use and considerably less residue returning to soil leading to negative balance, prompts lower crop productivity, poor economic return and low nutrient use efficiency prompting large environmental footprint. In many situations, blanket fertilizer application resulted in under-fertilization, while in others, it resulted in over-fertilization. Near the Indo Gangetic Plains (IGP), farming communities frequently apply greater doses of nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), but largely ignore the optimal dosages of potassium and other secondary and micronutrients. Such unbalanced and insufficient nutrient use can reduce nutrient use efficiency and profitability, as well as increasing environmental risks connected with nutrient loss through emission or leaching. Decision support tools (DST) are being utilized increasingly to help farmers implement better fertilizer management methods in their crops. Nutrient Expert for Wheat and Maize, a recently developed DST, integrated on-farm research data into a simple delivery system that allows growers to quickly adopt nutrient management site specific for their own fields. The decision support tool was created in 2010-11 as a simple, interactive computer-based tool that can quickly offer nutrient recommendations for farmers' fields, independent of weather with no soil testing required. This tool is useful in determining the nutrient balance replenished in the cropping system based on fertilizer/manure and yield provided in the previous harvest, as well as measure the attainable yield for any field based on growing conditions. These were all combined to provide a location-specific nutrient prescription for cereals by estimating expected N, P, and potassium (K) responses in the concerned field. Nutrient Expert has the ability to move the focus away from conventional agriculture and toward farming that is more sustainable, efficient, and productive.
Charu .; Shrijoy Banerjee; Saumya Tripathi
Abstract
Forensic toxicological research is concerned with the collection and storage of blood samples. In the experimental technique, the samples of four people have collected for 4 hrs. Before consumption of alcohol and sequential analysis was done for 6 hrs. After consumption at regular intervals. After subsequent ...
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Forensic toxicological research is concerned with the collection and storage of blood samples. In the experimental technique, the samples of four people have collected for 4 hrs. Before consumption of alcohol and sequential analysis was done for 6 hrs. After consumption at regular intervals. After subsequent analysis blood was transferred and collected in different sets. Whole blood was collected and Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate was added as an anticoagulant. Plasma samples containing EDTA and sodium fluoride samples after centrifugation were stored. Sample analysis was done after 24 h and 8 days at room temperature and after refrigeration. Gas chromatography was used to determine the concentration of alcohol before and after consuming it. The alcohol levels are found to be different in plasma and whole blood. Whole blood showed less concentration of ethanol than plasma. This indicates that there is no effect on the concentration of ethanol by adopting various preservation techniques.
Sachin Sharma; Shashank .; Amit Joshi; Manali Singh
Abstract
A new coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 is rapidly spreading over the world, posing a significant public health hazard. In response to this worldwide health crisis, several preventive initiatives have been launched; among these, vaccine discovery is on the cutting edge. A vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 has ...
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A new coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 is rapidly spreading over the world, posing a significant public health hazard. In response to this worldwide health crisis, several preventive initiatives have been launched; among these, vaccine discovery is on the cutting edge. A vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 has been developed using several advanced designs, and forty four candidates have already begun clinical testing. At the moment, it's unclear whether ones will meet the efficiency and safety criteria, and several vaccines are awaiting urgent clearance in the United States and Other countries. The advantages and disadvantages of several vaccination technologies, as well as the safety and effectiveness of vaccines in their early stages, were examined in this research. Following the development of a vaccine, the acquisition, deployment, and uptake of the vaccine will be the next challenges. The current manuscript delves into these issues in depth and offers solutions to a wide range of translational issues. SARS-epidemiology CoV-2's indicates that the virion will continue to be a hazard to everyone as longer as a few people are infected. We require vaccines that are both inexpensive and available in sufficient quantities to be used in all parts of the globe.
Yashi Dixit; Amit Joshi; Manali Singh
Abstract
The appropriate drug would save lives, but it is really conceivable that perhaps the prescription that helps for others won't work in someone and will have adverse effects on other individuals. Pharmacogenomics is the new science of diverse genomic understanding and impact of drugs ...
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The appropriate drug would save lives, but it is really conceivable that perhaps the prescription that helps for others won't work in someone and will have adverse effects on other individuals. Pharmacogenomics is the new science of diverse genomic understanding and impact of drugs on the body responses. Few individual xenobiotic metabolisms disintegrate medications gradually, which can lead to serious adverse effects, while others' bodies disintegrate medications rapidly. i.e., the medication can be boon for some people whereas same medication can become curse for many people which can be life threatening. Pharmacogenomics research may detect changes for certain gene analysis of the available to the body’s natural metabolic enzymes in response to specific medications, and physicians can use this data to evaluate genetic profile and forecast if a prescription will benefit or damage before drug consumption. "The correct medication, at the correct dosage level, for the particular individual". Blood associated high pressure was previously classified as >140mmhg and >90mmhg in the United States, but current guidelines have modified the value to 130-80mmhg in order to better control and prevent hypertension. Heart rate should be between 72beats/min. Blood pressure is only deemed excessively low in practise if it causes symptoms. Hypertension has no symptoms of its own, but it destroys blood vessels over time. Such fundamental pathological conditions can also be corrected by pharmacogenomics understanding. Hypertension is also known as silent killer. For treatment of hypertension antihypertensive drugs are used like-vasodilators, diuretics and drugs that decreases cardiac output.
Bruno Edu Arendarchuck; Luciano Augusto Lourençato; Alexia Wan Der Haagen; Hipolito Domingo Carvajal Fals
Abstract
Semi-solid processing is a promising technique used to fabricate parts. The globular structure is the key in this process, a characteristic achieved with the partial melting material to temperatures between solidus and liquidus. In this sense, the aim of this research is to evaluate the microstructure ...
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Semi-solid processing is a promising technique used to fabricate parts. The globular structure is the key in this process, a characteristic achieved with the partial melting material to temperatures between solidus and liquidus. In this sense, the aim of this research is to evaluate the microstructure quality of the aluminium matrix composite (AMC) reinforced with NbC, after semi-solid treatment. Micron-sized NbC powder was employed as reinforcement to fabricate a composite through the stir casting method. Furthermore, was used an Al-5Ti-1B alloy grain refinement. Globularization heat treatment at 562 °C, with a holding time of the 90s, was realized. An optical microscope under conventional and polarized light and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) allows the microstructure analyses. The dendritic cell size (DCS), grain size (GS), shape factor (SF), and rheo quality index (RQI) were used to analyse the morphology and microstructure. The results show a general reduction of GS and DCS and more globular microstructure parameters with a higher amount of NbC, when compared with non-reinforced alloy.
Madeeha Tabassum; Qasim Zia; Sameen Aslam; Yufei Wang; Jinshuai Zhang; Michael J. Reece; Lei Su
Abstract
Halide perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) have emerged as a class of excellent semiconductors in the past few years for their high-performance optoelectronic applications. These materials have received considerable attention due to efficient charge carrier mobility, high photoluminescence quantum yields ...
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Halide perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) have emerged as a class of excellent semiconductors in the past few years for their high-performance optoelectronic applications. These materials have received considerable attention due to efficient charge carrier mobility, high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) and near theoretical efficiencies for green emitters. However, methylammonium (MA) cation-based perovskites exhibit their inherent instability such as high sensitivity to light, heat, oxygen, and moisture which influence their performance in practical applications. Their low in production cost and ease of synthesis make them suitable candidate for upcoming technologies. In this research, we study the doping of Cs and Rb cations into MAPbBr3 PeNCs to optimize their morphology, crystal structure, and optical properties. It is found that rubidium cations doping can greatly enhance the photoluminescence intensity of the MAPBBr3 PeNCs, whereas cesium cations can improve the structural stability owing to the increased valance bond intensity. This work provides useful thoughts for the synthesis of high-performance optoelectronic devices based on mixed-cation PeNCs.
Ihor Leonidovich Surinov
Abstract
Reducing emissions to air and introducing new propulsion technologies are key challenges for the worldwide transport sector, including shipping. The world’s future fleet will have to rely on a broader range of fuels, propulsion solutions and energy efficiency measures. It should be obvious that ...
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Reducing emissions to air and introducing new propulsion technologies are key challenges for the worldwide transport sector, including shipping. The world’s future fleet will have to rely on a broader range of fuels, propulsion solutions and energy efficiency measures. It should be obvious that the bunkering operations should be carried out in a safe manner in accordance with all regulations. The purpose of this study is to improve the LNG bunkering procedure from the safety side to prevent gas leakage. Qualified Crew is essentially important for the new technologies on ships. Due to the rapid development of shipping industry, it must be paid much attention on the demand of the well-trained maritime manpower within the dynamic economies. The main types of drills that are carried out on the vessel were analysed using the example of the company Nordic Hamburg. In order to support the green direction by Nordic Hamburg Crewing, special training courses to train seafarers who provide sustainable shipping industry were integrated, especially dealing with: a) oceans; b) communities; c) people; d) transparency; f) finance; g) energy. The results of the study showed a high level of preparation for various types of danger during the acceptance of Liquified Natural Gas on board at containerships. The article draws conclusions about the necessity to improve the safety procedures for LNG bunkering and the correctness of the corresponding monthly alarms in order to be sure about the readiness of ship''s crew for an emergency situation.
Sushil Kumar; Surya Narayan Singh Gautam; Saurabh Kumar; Sneha Gupta
Abstract
According to North Eastern Railway the coach washing plant due to continuous growth the World population development of agriculture and Industry in the emerging important issue countries as well as climate change the insufficiency water becomes the past few years in Increase important issue. The collection ...
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According to North Eastern Railway the coach washing plant due to continuous growth the World population development of agriculture and Industry in the emerging important issue countries as well as climate change the insufficiency water becomes the past few years in Increase important issue. The collection of data process was performed and integrated with a characterization process, reuse treatment operation and maintains that a new process has been developed in treating train coach waste water for recycling in the work. This fresh water is available as surface water and ground water. The water collected from the coach wash centre was taken to the laboratory and analysis was carried out by conducting various tests to determine the difference in physical and chemical characteristics of the water sample. Railway coach wash water contains oil, grease, sand, etc., and main chemical characteristics that are not suitable for gardening like pH, iron, nitrate, and ammonia, so we can reduce these parameters in the effluent treatment plant (ETP) and reuse them for washing train coaches and gardening purposes. The tests that are conducted for determining the different physical and chemical parameters include: chemical parameters effluent reuse treatment operation to maintain cost the train coach washing waste water is collected in the storage tank and treated waste is collected and trough the agriculture work. This paper presents the current scenario of coach washing plant activities and the utilization of waste water in many aspects after the washing of coaches.
Thin Films, Materials Surface & Interfaces
Bruna Laís Pereira da Silva; Leonardo Barbosa da Silva; Letícia Dias dos Anjos Gonçalves; Rogério Valentim Gelamo; Vitor Tomaz Guimarães Naves; Lucas Donizete Silva; Emiliane Andrade Araújo Naves Naves
Abstract
The microbial adhesion of pathogens on surfaces, followed by the formation of biofilms, constitute one important causes of diseases transmitted by foods. Biofilm control in the food industry is critical since biofilm removal is challenging. Thus, the functionalization of surfaces has been a strategy ...
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The microbial adhesion of pathogens on surfaces, followed by the formation of biofilms, constitute one important causes of diseases transmitted by foods. Biofilm control in the food industry is critical since biofilm removal is challenging. Thus, the functionalization of surfaces has been a strategy to prevent the multiplication of bacteria. This study aimed to functionalize stainless steel surfaces with zinc and niobium oxides and to analyze its antimicrobial capacity of Escherichia coli. In addition, the roughness surface was also investigated. The free energy of hydrophobic interaction was calculated by measuring the contact angle. The results showed that surface functionalization with metallic oxides efficiently controlled E. coli adhesion, achieving more than two decimal reductions in the initial population. It was found that the deposition of oxides modified the hydrophobicity of the stainless steel surface, making it hydrophilic, which may have added to the effect of functionalization for the antimicrobial efficiency of the obtained surface. The surfaces functionalized with zinc and niobium oxides had the highest roughness. Thus, surfaces with Nb and Zn oxides can be a promising alternative for application in the food industry to help control adhesion and obtain the final product of microbiological quality.
Arnab Sankar Bhattacharyya; Ritambhara Dash
Abstract
The rGO-ZnO composite was found promising improvement over the photocatalytic ability of pure ZnO and is useful for other Opto-chemical applications. ZnO/rGO composite was synthesized by the sol-gel method. The morphology of rGO caused better dispersion of the ZnO crystallites The reducing agent ammonia ...
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The rGO-ZnO composite was found promising improvement over the photocatalytic ability of pure ZnO and is useful for other Opto-chemical applications. ZnO/rGO composite was synthesized by the sol-gel method. The morphology of rGO caused better dispersion of the ZnO crystallites The reducing agent ammonia was varied in concentration during the synthesis. A reduction in the crystallization was observed for lower concentrations (0 – 1%) of ammonia which got stabilized in higher concentrations (>1%). The crystalline morphology showed variations from being close to amorphous to 38 nm. The average crystallite size was 15 nm. The rGO induced nonradiative phononic modes in the optical transition process when present in lower concentration but interestingly aided the crystallization process in a preferential crystallographic orientation which however got lowered in intensity for >2% ammonia concentration. The defect states formed in the rGO/ZnO composite in the form of oxygen vacancies, zinc interstitials, and vacancies caused a decrease in band gap due to indirect transitions. The role of ammonia in the performance of the composites was found to be significant
Polymer Composite
Tamara van Roo; Stefan Kolling; Felix Dillenberger
Abstract
In the context of this contribution, a new injection molded unidirectional plate for specimen-extraction is introduced, as well as current investigations on the analysis of the preparation process are shown and discussed. The fiber orientation resulting from the injection molding (IM) manufacturing process ...
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In the context of this contribution, a new injection molded unidirectional plate for specimen-extraction is introduced, as well as current investigations on the analysis of the preparation process are shown and discussed. The fiber orientation resulting from the injection molding (IM) manufacturing process leads to an anisotropic material behavior, which complicates a reliable design of components. Detailed determination of macroscopic, orientation dependent material data is continuous subject of research. In this context, samples with a predefined and high fiber orientation distribution are required. Established and available methods for specimens generated by IM show limitations. In this work, a novel test-specimen with a homogeneous high fiber orientation is introduced. It enables the extraction of specimens under different angles with respect to the main fiber orientation. The fiber orientation simulation of the new plate is compared to experimental computer tomography analysis. The extraction of specimens is achieved by machine milling. As the process may induce inaccuracies due to the introduction of inhomogeneous cutting, a detailed investigation of the influences of milling on the specimen behavior is required. A qualitative characterization of roughness values is necessary to evaluate the impact of the preparation on the mechanical properties. A correlation between roughness values and mechanical parameters is shown.
Biomaterials & Biodevices
Suresh Babu A; Rajiv G; Ananda Kumar S
Abstract
Although synthetic polymers offer excellent versatility in coating applications, due tointrinsic permeability to gases and vapours, including, but not limited to, oxygen, carbondioxide, and organic vapours, their application is highly limiting. On the other hand, somenatural polymers render great alternative ...
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Although synthetic polymers offer excellent versatility in coating applications, due tointrinsic permeability to gases and vapours, including, but not limited to, oxygen, carbondioxide, and organic vapours, their application is highly limiting. On the other hand, somenatural polymers render great alternative to synthetic polymers in such areas of research. Inthis work, flexible polyurethane is used to make the PLA as flexible coating. Hence, ourpresent study is focussed on the development of PLA-PU hybrid organic polymer with theincorporation of garnet waste powder (in-organic) as coatings deposited by brush-coatingmethod on mild steel. To overcome the brittle nature of the PLA, a small amount ofpolyurethane having a rubbery nature is added along with garnet. The mechanical and barrierproperties significantly improved with the addition of a garnet (5%, 10%, and 15%) inPLA-PU blends. The various characterization techniques like Fourier Transform InfraredSpectroscopy (FTIR), Crosshatch test, contact angle, and morphological analysis by ScanningElectron Microscopy (SEM) and Electrochemical Impedance and Salt-spray and Cross-hatchadhesion tests are checked.
Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices
Jiegang Peng
Abstract
Inspired by the research on the active electrolocation organs of weakly electric fish in bionic engineering field, we proposed a new defect detection method based on the active electric field detection principle. In this study, we established an underwater defect detection experimental platform, and ...
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Inspired by the research on the active electrolocation organs of weakly electric fish in bionic engineering field, we proposed a new defect detection method based on the active electric field detection principle. In this study, we established an underwater defect detection experimental platform, and conducted joint time-frequency analysis and recognition algorithm on electric field signals collected during the experiment to obtain the joint time-frequency spectrogram (JTFS) and frequency inflection points (FIPs) of the detected objects. Through the JTFS and FIPs of the tested object (copper material) , we can get the defect size and position information and carry out further data processing in deeper exploration. This new defect detection method not only increases the types of defect detection methods, but also broadens the application range of active electric field. The study starts from the perspective of engineering experiments and demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the novel defect detection method.
